设e1和e2是两个单位向量,夹角是60°,试求向量a=2e1+e2和b=-3e1+e2的夹角

|a|²=(2e1+e2)²=4e1²+4e1*e2+e2²=4+4×1×1×cos60+1=7
|b|²=(-3e1+2e2)²=9e1²-12e1*e2+4e2²=9-12×1×1×1/2+4=7
a*b=(2e1+e2)(-3e1+2e2)=-6e1²+e1*e2+2e2²=-6+(1/2)+2=-7/2
所以cos(a,b)=a*b/(|a|*|b|)=(-7/2)/(根号7×根号7)=-1/2
a与b的夹角是(a,b)=arccos(-1/2)=120°