much many any some等用法 区别to at 等

many和much的用法：
〔1）many修饰复数可数名词,表许多； much修饰不可数名词,表量或程度.
He has many friends, but few true ones.
There hasn't been much good weather recently.
（2）many a:
many a和many同义,但语气比较强,并且要与单数名词及单数形动词连用.
Many a prisoner has been set free. (=Many prisoners have been set free.)
〔3〕as many和so many均等于the same number of. 前有as, like时, 只用so many.
These are not all the books I have. These are as many more upstairs.
They worked like so many ants.
（4）as much等于the same amount of, 表同量和同一事情.
He bought two pounds of sugar and as much tea. 〔同量）
I was not in the least surprised, for I had fully expected as much. 〔同一事情）
（5）many和much之后不接名词时,作为代名词；另外much也可用副词.
Many of them were very tired.
I don't eat much for lunch. 〔代名词）
He is much taller than I. （副词）
some用法及与any的区别
用some 和 any 填空：
1)-- Would you like something to eat?
-- I’d like ________ bread.
2) Don’t worry.There is ________ milk in the bottle.
3) Are there __________ girls and boys in the classroom?
4）I don’t have _________ meat,but I have __________ eggs and cakes.
5) Would you like _________ apple juice?
答案：1) some2) some3) any4) any;some5) some
分析：
题1是一句肯定的答语,意为：我想要一些面包.故应填 some.
题2也是一个肯定句,意为：瓶子里有一些牛奶.故应填 some.
题3是一个疑问句,any 常被用在疑问句中,因此此题应填 any.
题4此题前半部分是否定句,应填 any,后半部分是肯定句,应填 some .
题5是一句疑问句,看起来应填 any,但是在表示征求意愿的句子里我们不用 any,而用 some.故此题正确答案应为 some.
总结：
some 和 any 既可以修饰可数名词又可以修饰不可数名词,some 常用在肯定句中,而any 则常用在否定和疑问句中.因此 some 和 any 的用法主要是考虑用在肯定句、疑问句还是否定句中,与名词的可数与否无关.
some意为“一些”,可作形容词和代词.它常修饰可数名词复数.如：some books一些书,some boys一些男孩,也可修饰不可数名词,如：some water一些水,some tea一些茶叶,some常用在肯定句中.any意为“任何一些”,它也可修饰可数名词复数或不可数名词,常用于疑问句和否定句.如：
--I have some tea here. 我这儿有些茶叶.
--I can’t see any tea. 我没看见茶叶.
--Do you have any friends at school? 你在学校有些朋友吗?
--I have some English books, they are my best friends. 我有英语书,它们是我最好的朋友.
但在表示建议,反问,请求的疑问句中,或期望得到肯定回答时,多用some而不用any.如：
Would you like some coffee? 你要不要来点咖啡?
What about some fruit juice? 来点水果汁如何?
当any表示“任何”的意义,起强调作用时,它可以用在肯定句中；
Any student can answer this question.任何学生都可以回答这个问题.
选题角度：
辨析some和any的不同用法：some 常用在肯定句中,而any 则常用在否定和疑问句中.在表示建议,反问,请求的疑问句中,或期望得到肯定回答时,多用some而不用any.
关于不可数名词的例题解析
-What would you like?
-I'd like________.
A. a glass of milk B. two glass of milk
C. a glass milk D. some glasses milk
解析答案Amilk是不可数名词,要表示其数量为多少,只能与相应的量词短语搭配,即“a…of+不可数名词”.B项中two后面的名词glass应为复数,C、D两项均缺介词of,应排除B、C、D.因此选A.
一道中考题的要点简说
一Would you like ________ tea?
－No,thanks．I have drunk（已喝了）two ________．（山东 菏泽）
A．some,bottles of orange
B．few,bottle of oranges
C．many,bottles of oranges
D．any,bottles of orange (Key: A)
题中涉及到了本单元的三个知识点：
l．some的用法
some表示“一些”,常用于肯定句中,但表示请求或建议的问句中,也常用some,而不用any.
2．would like的用法
would like的意思和want相同,但语气比want要委婉、客气.would like之后可接名词、代词或to do结构.例如：
1）I would like a cake．
我想要一块蛋糕.
2）We would like to play games．
我们想去做游戏.
在回答would like构成的一般疑问句时,肯定回答用Yes,please或Yes,I’d like（love）to.否定回答是No,thanks．再如：
－Would you like to go and watch the football game with me?
—_______．（2002年济南市中考题）
A．Not at all
B．Excuse me,I can’t
C．Yes,I’d like to
D．That’s right (Key: C)
3．不可数名词表数量的用法
不可数名词表示数量时常用“a+ 物量名词+of + 不可数名词”.