把主动结构改为被动结构时,要做如下的变动：
（1）主动结构的宾语变为被动结构的主语；
（2）主动结构的谓语动词有主动语态变为被动语态；
（3）主动结构的主语变为介词by的宾语.by与宾语组成介词短语,放在谓语动词后.在行为的执行者无需说明或不必着重指出时,这个介词短语可以省略.
eg：Chen often use a recorder in teaching English.
A ceorder is often used (by Chen) in teaching English.(by Chen可用可不用,看说话的人的意图而定）
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