非延续性动词与可延续性动词的转化

英语延续动词与非延续动词的转换
动词按其动作发生的方式、发生过程的长短可分为延续性动词与非延续性动词.
一.延续性动词表示能够延续的动作,如：learn, work, stand, lie, know, walk, keep, have, wait, watch, sing, read, sleep, live, stay等.延续性动词可以与表示时间段的状语连用.
表示时间段的短语有:for+一段时间,for 2 years; since从句,since he came here; since+时间点名词,since last year, since 5 days ago; how long; for a long time等.
例:He has lived here for 6 years.
You can keep the book for 5 days.
I stayed there for 2 weeks last year.
How long did you stay there last year?
二.非延续性动词也称终止性动词、瞬间动词,表示不能延续的动作,这种动作发生后立即结束. 如:open, die, close, begin, finish, come, go, move, borrow, lend, buy等. 非延续性动词在肯定句中与表示时间点的状语连用,如：two years ago; at 5 o'clock;
例:He died 5 years ago.
否定的终止性动词可以与表示时间段的时间状语连用.
例:I haven't left here for 3 years.
I haven't heard from him for 3 weeks.
三.延续性动词与非延续性动词之间的转换：
leave --- be away, borrow --- keep, buy --- have,
begin/start --- be on, die --- be dead,
finish --- be over,join --- be in+组织机构,
be a member of+组织机构,open sth --- keep sth open,
fall ill ---be ill,get up---be up, catch a cold --- have a cold,
come here --- be here, go there --- be there, become --- be,
come back --- be back,fall asleep --- be asleep,
get to/ arrive/reach --- be (in),leave --- be away from,
get to know --- know, go (get) out →be out,put on→ wear；
catch a cold →have a cold等.
例:The old man died 4 years ago.
---The old man has been dead for 4 years.
---- It is 4 years since the old man died.
----Four years has passed since the old man died.
He joined the Party 2 years ago.
-----He has been in the Party for 2 years.
I bought the book 5 days ago.
---- I have had the book for 5 days.
补充练习：
1. When he arrived at the bus stop, the bus ________ for 20 minutes.
A. has leftB. had left C. has been away D. had been away
2. I ______ the League for 5 years so far.
A. joinedB. have joined C. have been in
3. The factory ________ since the February of 1988.
A . has been openB. has opened C. was open D. opened
4. Mary and Rose _______friends since they met in 2000.
A. have madeB. have beenC. madeD. have become
5.You mustn't ________ until he comes back.
A. be away B. leave C. be left
6.The meeting_______ for a week now.
A. has finished B. has endedC. has been over
7.Miss Gao ______ this school for nearly 5 years.
A. has been inB. has come toC. has taught
8.Ben ______ a teacher for 4 years .
A. has beenB. has becomeC. wasD. became
9. I ______ home for a week.
A. have returned B. have been back C. returned
10. How long _______ he ________ ?
A. diedB. has, died C. has, been dead
11. He ______ at eight yesterday afternoon.
A. sleptB. was sleeping C. has sleep D. had slept
12.He ________ the car for a week.
A. boughtB. has bought C. has had
13.--How long _____ you _____ ill ? --Two weeks.
A. did fall B. have, fellC. have, been
14.Since 2000, he _____ his hometown.
A. has left B. has moved away C. has been away from
15.I'll lend you the book , but you can only _____ it for 2 days.
A. borrow B. keep C. take
16.The bus ______ on the road for 2 hours so far.
A. has stopped B. stopped C. has been
17.Are you _____ the jacket these days?
A. wearingB. putting onC. dressing D. on
18.He ________ foe 2 hours.
A. got up B.has got upC. has been up
19. Tom is ill in hospital. He _______ a cold for several days.
A. isB. catches C. has caughtD. has had
20.-- How long can I ______ the book? -- Two weeks.
A. borrowB. lend C. getD. keep
Key:
1---5 D C A B B; 6---10 C A A B C; 11---15 B C C C B;16---20 C A C D D